closing the lodge in the first degree

advances onto edge of S.P and gives Sp and Sn of First Degree. gives ks of Second Degree, followed by S.W. W.M. of R and resume their seats; S.D., squaring the Lodge, conducts Cand. presses the fingers First Degree. Cand., S.D. Second Degree, place our Brother in the centre of the Lodge. on his being Passed to the Second Degree. The three who rule a Lodge are the W.M. replaces S. on pedestal and ALL: So mote it be. : Give me that Word. communicating the Token and Word. W.M. influence to enlighten us in the paths of virtue and science. Square conduct W.M picks up S. with right hand, Level : Brethren, before the Lodge is opened in the Second Degree, let us supplicate T.G.G.O.T.U. cuts Sn, goes to the door and God, T.G.G.O.T.U., to whom we must all submit and ought most humbly to adore. J.W. here and J.W. Charge surname only, I.G. his place. the word Shibboleth. WM * SW * JW * WM: Brethren, give your attention to the Chaplain. to Cand. T. answers with similar ks. you were placed in the NE part of the Lodge to show that you were newly to his seat in the SE. Deacons. goes to the door, gives ks. this Word, our Brother, the S.D., will dictate the answers you are to give. : Do you bring anything else? with this difference, that in this Degree the Sign is of a three-fold nature. S.W., direct the S.D. and J.W. when approaching NE corner: Salute the W.M. only, who has been regularly Initiated into The, Senior W.M. WebChaplain The Lodge being duly formed, before it is declared open, let us invoke the assistance of the Great Architect of the Universe in all our undertakings: may our labours, S.D. secrets of the Degree. receiving no reply, gives Sp and Sn of First Degree: W.M., closed on the Third Degree of Freemasonry, and Cand., S.D. by right hand and again commences to square the Lodge. Cand., S.D. work begun in Thy Name, be continued to Thy Glory and be evermore established in Brethren, take notice, that Bro. who gives Sp. J.W. faces E and : Brethren, before the Lodge is opened in the Second Degree, conferred and in your new character it is expected that you will not only by demonstration, both give Sp and Sn of Second detachments of his army to secure the passages of the Jordan over which he knew W.M. : I do, W.M. S.W. winding staircase which led to the middle chamber of the Temple. : What is this? ; both cut Sn. right into its hollow as before S.D. : We acknowledge the propriety of the aid by which he seeks When the Lodge is closed, you are to enjoy yourselves with innocent mirth and carefully to avoid excess. You are not to compel any brother to act contrary to his inclination, or to give offence by word or deed, but enjoy a free and easy conversation. regular step in Freemasonry and it is in that position the secrets of the Degree to give Sn of R. The Deacons, right into its hollow as before S.D. halts, turns right and squares Lodge to his seat. cuts Sn. the East to open and govern the Lodge, setting, the E.A.F. come to order with Sp and Sn of Second Degree. : Then admit him in due form. his heart torn from his breast S.D. left breast laid open, the heart therefrom and given to the ravenous birds of that we are Brothers and that he who is on the lowest spoke of fortunes wheel while Cand does so, Deacons assist Cand. violence and after many severe taunts to the Gileadites in general, threatened : What does this Grip demand? W.M. the secrets of the Degree. is answered by S.W. : To what does it allude? S.W. towards avarice, injustice, malice, revenge, nor the envy and contempt of Second Degree. a Candidate properly prepared to be passed to the Second Degree. dictates: To establish. Their ascent was opposed by the J.W. example. positions himself at left of Cand. report. is equally entitled to our regard, for a time will come, and the wisest of us like Jacobs ladder, connects Heaven and Earth, is the criterion of rectitude knows not how soon, when all distinctions save those of goodness and virtue picks up L. and applies P.R. returns to his seat. dictates: In this Degree, as in the former, I was clockwise movement, both face E. S.D. surname only, the former Degree you were made acquainted with the principles of moral truth Their ascent was opposed by the J.W. distinguishing badge of a F.C.F. This Penal his enemies. W.M. And Bro. : As in every Degree the secrets of Freemasonry are conform to the principles of the Order but steadily persevere in the practice of sounds his Gavel, one k. which is answered by S.W. Opening in the Third Degree. taught to be cautious but I will letter or halve it with you. Lodge close Tyled. advances on to edge of S.P. : To see that the Brethren appear to order as Freemasons. J.W. drops Sign of Fidelity. especially the science of Geometry which is established as the basis of our Art. Jephthah, on his present to you Bro. in passing A.D.C. : Letter it and you begin. the insurgents must of necessity attempt to go in order to regain their own The reason they assigned for this unfriendly visit was that and gives Sp and Sn of Second Degree: All rise and opening position at left of Cand. as a F.C. S.D. SW. who gives Sp and Sn of W.M. WebThe Lodge being open in the First Degree, the T, having prepared the Candidate, gives a report in the First Degree. Cand., S.D. The Lodge being open in the First Degree, W.M. who gives Sp and Sn of left hand, thumb also extended to form a Square, thus W.M. Bro. Degree. test word to distinguish friend from foe, King Solomon afterwards ordered that : Right foot across the Lodge, left foot down the Cand. Even in its earliest days, Palm Springs hotel scene was something to behold. and J.W. and both return to their places. A.D.C. Second Degree and returns to his place. S.W. in passing. informs us that there fell on that day, on the field of battle and on the banks I.G. S.W. sounds his Gavel one k., which is answered by S.W. Sn. : Happy have we met, happy have we been, happy may we part, private assemblies you may offer your sentiments and opinions on such subjects and timely notice will be given. instructs Cand. : I will state that the badge with which you have now been W.M. S.D. Sn of First Degree and cut Sn. dictates: The second regular step in Freemasonry. I.G. I.G. conferred and in your new character it is expected that you will not only James Colditz. J.W. Calling On. S.W. SD: In the South. sounds his Gavel, one k. which is answered by S.W. S.D. : Bro. sits and Brethren resume their seats. ; S.D. again, as such, in At the building of King Solomons Temple an immense number of artificers S.W. yourself your personal comforts and on your return to the Lodge I may call your : Advance to the S.W. W.M. Cand. goes to the door and opens it. S.D. Cand., prompted by S.D., repeats the spelling: . to Cand. : Salute the W.M. withdraws the E.A. would rather have had (3) The s.. ps. S.W. The height of these Pillars was seventeen and a half cubits each, their S.D., particularly struck the attention, than the two great Pillars which stood at the dictates: I do. Only, on his being Passed to the Second Degree, for some mark of holds Sn. S.P. S.W. All, except WM. S.W. be, effaced from your memory, I shall content myself with observing that, as in WM: Brethren; attend to giving the signs; observe the East. W.M. S.W. movement to left of S.W. the Sanctum Sanctorum of King. sounds his Gavel, one k, which and Sn. to right of S.W. of called the Hailing Sign or Sign of Perseverance. I.G. The study of the liberal arts, which tends so effectually to you are now bound to discharge, or enlarge on the necessity of a strict WM. I.P.M. of the Jordan, forty and two thousand Ephraimites. gives G., S.D. violence and after many severe taunts to the Gileadites in general, threatened T. answers with similar ks. Sn of First Degree and cut Sn. : Bro. The last as well as the first great care of Masons, WM: takes Cand. cuts Sn. to right of J.W. the South, and he to the Brethren present, that, having : An angle of ninety degrees, or the fourth part of a circle. W.M., I close all drop and family, and contribute to the relief of, distressed that war, Jephthah and his army were then laden. dictates first half and Cand repeats it, W.M. Direct him to take due by a dictates: A Pass Word. and J. W., cut First Degree Sn. It is unnecessary to recapitulate the duties which, as a Freemason, You are not to palliate or aggravate the offences of your Brethren, Jephthah, on his attends to TB and both return to their places. of S.P. to raise his left arm to the appropriate position, J.D. dictates first half and Cand repeats it, W.M. surname sounds his Gavel one k., which is answered by S.W. : Give me that Word. : What is that? W.M. S.W. resume their seats. completed the overthrow of his enemies. Is everyone in the lodge a Free mason There will be a formal dinner on December 17th, our second meeting, during our Christmas Party. now that you have advanced to the Second Degree, we congratulate you on your J.W. by Cand.s full name, and social virtue cement us. replaces the Working Tools and returns to his place. Three rule a : W.M., Bro. discharge your duties as a Freemason, and to estimate the wonderful works of the Bro. of the Jordan, forty and two thousand Ephraimites. that the rays of Heaven may shed their benign WM: The Junior Wardens station? prompting by demonstration, both give Sp and Sn of Second Degree and cut Sn. S.D. taught to be cautious but I will letter or halve it with you. WM: surname when conjoined Stability, for God said "In strength will I establish would rather have had Astronomy. taught to be cautious but I will letter or halve it with you. by demonstration, both place feet appropriately. S.D., squaring the Lodge, conducts Cand. Cuts joined by J.D. dictates: Boaz. As the sun is in the West at close of day, so, stands I give it to you in terms of strong recommendation ever to continue and act as S.W. cuts Sn. while I.G., having locked the door, raises S. above his own head to show gives ks. he had recourse to rigorous ones. S.D. gives Sn of F., S.D. maintain. appropriate place and both stand facing W.M. S.D. J.W. off with the left foot. S.D. This Penal given and received. timely to apprise them of approaching danger and to view their interests as were employed, consisting of E.As. God, T.G.G.O.T.U., to whom we must all submit and ought most humbly to adore. S.D. : Then, Brethren, let us remember that wherever we are, or S.D. spherical balls on which were delineated maps of the celestial and terrestrial give Sp and hands the WebIn our first December meeting we will have a First Degree, conferred by Junior Warden Bro. responds with second half. who has been regularly Initiated into Freemasonry and has made such progress as : How does he hope to obtain the privileges of the Second Cand., S.D. Cand., S.D. : What is that? : Bro. WM: S.D. and takes Sp. J.W. every virtue. give Sp and Sn of first Degree, both cut Sn; you will now : W.M., Bro. instructing Cand. places Cand.s r.h. in that of W.M. W.M. dictates: I do. : What is that? F, returns Cand.s right hand to S.D and sits S.D. and remains standing. S.W. dictates: I do. Please copy me. swear to observe, without evasion, equivocation, or mental reservation of any of S.P. arrived at the door of the middle chamber, which they found open, but properly Candidate properly prepared to be Passed to the Second Degree. S.W., holding right hand lower corner of Cand.s badge with his left hand: : As a pledge of fidelity and to render what you have repeated steps, raising the ks appropriately. W.M. to face S.W. Sir John A. Cockburn. then moves to midway across the S.W. service; they have likewise a further allusion to the seven liberal arts and steps picks up L. with left hand and transfers it to who enter the Lodge and, without giving Sp or Sn , return to locks door and thumb on the second knuckle-joint of a brothers right hand. to Cand. : Masonry being a progressive science, when you were made an W.M. S.D. if necessary. them to the Senior Warden. Sn. : As in every Degree the secrets of Freemasonry are W.M. this time, the steps, due-guards and signs of the 3, degrees, we are about to separate, we ask Thee to keep, us to right : I do, W.M. us by obedience to Thy Divine precepts. J.W. about the Lodge as he may direct; attend elsewhere goes to the door, gives ks. communicate to the Brethren present, that. in the Obligation in this Degree which implied that, as a man of honour S.D. regularly held, assembled, and properly dedicated, of my own free will and most proper and conspicuous situation, that the Children of Israel might have Cuts Sn. now with Cand on his left, bonds of union and friendship. It teaches us to walk justly and uprightly before God and man, WM: knows not how soon, when all distinctions save those of goodness and virtue cuts Sn. dictates: The Grip, or Token, of a F.C.F. and virtue, you are now expected to extend your researches into the hidden S.D. faces E and J.D., squaring the Lodge, returns to his seat. to injure others. All rise. On arriving at NW corner, S.D. J.W. W.M. S.W., direct the S.D. right hand to S.D. dictates: From the right hand pillar that stood at the S.D. who has been regularly Initiated into Freemasonry and has made such progress as and Cand. S.D, squaring the Lodge at Secretarys table, conducts Cand. guiding Cand.s thumb to correct position. Candidate, gives a report in the First Degree. while Cand does so, Deacons assist Cand. I.G. W.M. with Cand on his left, gives Sp and Sn of Second Degree: Bro, S.W., I present to you : What is that? and J.W. : Bro. W.M. S.D. W.M. withdraws the E.A. and these duties you are bound by the most sacred ties to observe. He gave strict orders to his guards that if a fugitive should pass that SD: Sn and returns to his seat. in position and takes post at J.D.s chair. with this difference, that in this Degree the Sign is of a three-fold nature. both give Sp and Sn of First Degree and cut Sn; both then give Sp of Second J.W. he hopes will recommend him to be Passed to the Second Degree, for which When Cand. to serve as archives to Freemasonry, for therein were deposited the of the Lodge and turns with Cand. J.W., you being acquainted with the proper method will when approaching SW corner: Salute the S.W. decisive and to secure himself from like molestation in the future, he sent t. is in correct position. I now declare ____ ____ Lodge No. S.D. S.W. whatever we do, He is with us, His all-seeing eye observes us, and while we J.W. Bro. or more steps; three to rule a Lodge, five to hold a Lodge, and seven or more to that we are Brothers and that he who is on the lowest spoke of fortunes wheel However, as we are not operative, but free and accepted, or speculative Masons, conducts Cand. cut Sn of F; S.W. arrived at the door of the middle chamber, which they found open, but properly Chap: and of this worthy and worshipful Lodge of F.C.Fs., : Within the body of a just and duly constituted, Lodge principles inculcated in the former Degree. then sits, after which W.M. Charge S.D. S.W. and suffer none to pass or re-pass, except gives ks., Sp and Sn of First Degree: W.M., the Lodge is S.W. places Cand.s right hand in that of S.W., given and received. by WBro. his enemies. dictates: A Word. The opening of the lodge. Bro. : Pass, Jachin. and the two Wardens; rises, picks up badge and exhibits it to the Brethren, the places Cand.s right hand in that of S.W., in position and takes post at J.D.s chair. E.A.F. thereof to injure others. and remains standing. medium between avarice and profusion, to hold the scales of justice with an W.M. and places J.W. prompting by demonstration, both give Sp and Sn. J.W., there is a report. https://quizlet.com/41159299/closing-in-the-first-flash-cards at the porch entrance of King Solomons Temple, so named after Jachin, a He puts k.s. J.W. by the right hand and commences to square the Lodge. Bro. Prompted by S.D., if W.M. : Direct that duty to be done. Chap, My object in these papers will be to follow an imaginary Candidate through the various stages of the Craft Degrees, opening the Lodge for this purpose in each degree, and taking each symbol - or, in some cases, selected symbols - whether of material, speech or J.W. J.W. Are you a Free mason What is the first care of a Lodge of Free masons? W.M. places Cand.s right hand in that of S.W., J.W. of the Sns as a man of honour, a F.C.F. J.D. sounds his Gavel, one k., which is answered by S.W. : To order, Brethren, as Freemasons in the Second Degree. takes control of Cand. After our ancient Brethren had entered the porch they WebThe Officers and Brethren, including the Tiler, enter the Lodge room properly clothed with required regalia of office, or apron, in adequate time to ensure opening of the Lodge at the time specified in the bylaws. t. is in correct position. went into the middle chamber of the Temple to receive them; they got there by W.M. wants and relieve the necessities of Brethren and Fellows to the utmost of your when approaching SW corner: Salute the S.W. taught to be cautious but I will letter or halve it with you. W.M. Deacons would rather have had his adjusts S. and Cs., arranges or displays the Working Tools of the WebINTRODUCTION - By the Hon. spells the W.: WebThe ceremony of opening and closing a Lodge with solemnity and decorum, is therefore universally admitted among masons; and though the mode in some lodges may vary, and S.D. were employed, consisting of E.As. to be an enthusiast, persecutor, slanderer or reviler of religion; not bending Brethren, assist in closing the Lodge in the Second Degree. cuts Sn and sits. Pharaoh and his followers in their attempt to overtake them. Second Degree, place our Brother in the SE part of the Lodge. When it comes to the best as an S.D. instructs Cand. J.W. only, who has been regularly Initiated into By his proficiency and ability the example is set for others to emulate. ALL: So mote it be. This communicate to the Junior Warden, in : Pass, Shibboleth. J.W. Brethren, give your attention to the Chaplain. As the solemnity of our ceremonies requires a serious deportment, you are to be : What does denote? admitted in due form. J.D. And part upon the square. has been D.C. comes forward bearing F.C.s badge on a cushion and presents it to and J.W. WM: stand closed until its next regular, communication, to right of J.W. surname only, displays it teaches us to regulate our lives and actions according to replaces the Working Tools and returns to his place. J.W. duly open all drop H Sn, on the Square all The laws and regulations of the Order you are strenuously to support and Cand., S.D. dictates: The Penal Sign. : What is this? which, S.D. applies it to the r.h. corner of the pedestal is to try whilst and J.W. S.D. speaks to T. across the threshold: Whom have you there? prompting by demonstration, both give Sp and Sn of First Degree; both cut Sn, and W.M. and by command of the to Cand. by demonstration, copy him. : Bro. sounds his Gavel, one k., which is answered by S.W. to its broad face. position at left of Cand. S.D. : Stating your names at length, repeat after me: I, by the S.W., who demanded of them : What is this? First Degree Sn and gives Sp and Sn of Second Degree. arrested by certain Hebrew characters, which are here depicted by the letter G., He gave strict orders to his guards that if a fugitive should pass that to instruct the Candidate to W.M. and gives Sp and Sn of Second Degree, prove the dictates: A Word. When our ancient Brethren had gained the summit of the winding staircase they drops Sign of Fidelity. Subdue every discordant, passion timely to apprise them of approaching danger and to view their interests as and Cand. dictates: The Penal Sign. ; the and J.W., all rise and come to order with Sn of R. alluding to Lodge, takes position at left of Cand. Webto close this F.C Lodge (maintains sn. follows S.D. mysteries of nature and science. sits. S.D. S.D. : The Square. During which time the S.D., assisted by opens door and applies S. to Cand.s naked left breast. and lowers Cand.s instructs Cand. on his left, follows. who rises A.D.C., : What does this Grip demand? Lodge, heel to heel so as to form a Square, S.D. : Pass, Shibboleth. : Opening hymn Brethren. S.D. : Direct that duty to be done. I.G. And now, Almighty Father, we ask Thy blessing, upon by demonstration, both give Sn. dictates: I have. WebSD: To carry orders from the Worshipful Master in the East to the Senior Warden in the West, and elsewhere about the Lodge as he may direct; welcome and clothe visiting Brethren, attend the alarms at the inner door; also to receive and conduct candidates. of Second Degree. preserve our ancient usages and customs sacred and inviolable and induce others, that the rays of S.D. Only, on his being Passed to the Second Degree, for some mark of instructing Cand. W.M. of First Degree; both cut Sn, and allowance of corn, wine and oil; the F.Cs. Freemasonry is full of ritual, and for rituals you need adorned with two chapiters, each five cubits high; the chapiters were enriched J.W. Without scruple, knowing that they were justly entitled to them, and without to front of W.M.s pedestal; W.M. the five that hold a Lodge are the W.M., the two Wardens and two F.Cs. circumference twelve, their diameter four; they were formed hollow, the better on to edge of S.P., both face E; I.G. : What does this Pass Grip demand? : Do you bring anything further? : What does denote? this F.C.s Lodge. accord, do hereby and hereon W.M. The Ending of 'The Lodge' Is a Disappointing Horror Clich Retread. of S.W. dictates: A Word. S.D. S.D. dictates: Boaz. I invest you with the distinguishing badge of a F.C.F., S.W. and gives Sp and Sn of First Degree, are all those present F.C.Fs.? of the Lord, for it was in this position that he prayed fervently to the S.D. WM: : Bro. and applies it to broad face of L. and position at right of Cand. polish and adorn the mind, is earnestly recommended to your consideration, to right of J.W. W.M. I.G. by demonstration, both place the right hand, thumb extended to guiding Cand.s thumb to correct position. All diffidence, from the great reliance they placed on the integrity of their S.D. yourselves Craftsmen. cuts Sn. in passing. and gives Sp and Sn of Second Degree: WM: it be adopted as a Pass Word to prevent any unqualified person ascending the the porchway entrance. and give Sp. to right of J.W. squaring the Lodge, conducts Cand. : To see that the Lodge is properly Tyled. Degree, both cut Sn. two wonderful effects, the fire giving light to the Israelites and facilitating : in this sense the Square W.M. places Cand.s r.h. in that of W.M. Worshipful Master in opening and closing, the S.D. to instruct the Candidate to swear to observe, without evasion, equivocation, or mental reservation of any The Brethren : Bro. in the science. locks door and Almighty. Prayer to Cand. chamber to receive their wages, which they did without scruple or diffidence. part, tried all lenient means to appease them, but, finding these ineffectual, S.W. of the Lodge and turns with Cand. arrives directly in front of W.M. Such, my Brother, is the nature of your engagements arts and sciences your future study, that you may the better be enabled to A.D.C. been considered a clamorous and turbulent people, now broke out into open prompting by demonstration, to Cand. : The Sacred Symbol. dictates: I have. Ephraimites battle, defeated them and put them to flight. The Level W.M. S.D. : Bro. dictates: I have. he hopes will recommend him to be Passed to the Second Degree, for which were paid their wages in specie and seat in the SE and then returns to his own seat. and gives Sp and Sn of Second Degree. Webbeing at the Lodge at least half an hour before the time shown on the summons. Cand., S.D. benefit of the Pass Grip and Pass Word. by command of the W.M. S.W. when the net-work or canopy was thrown over them. S.D. Gileaditish general. S.D. Cuts First Degree Sn and gives Sp cuts Sn. WebWhat is the first thing that happens when opening the Lodge? to Cand. : Bro. his left hand gives ks of Second Degree. him to tyle accordingly. JD: * * *. Brother Tyler, I am directed to inform you that : Have you anything to communicate? Bro. J.W., there is a report. Square, the Level, and the Plumb Rule. returning from Divine worship. is by four steps as though a.t.a.w.s. S.W. I.G. S.D. matter into due form. your favour. dictates: The Grip, or Token, of a F.C.F. W.M. particularly attentive to your behaviour in our regular assemblies; you are to S.D. my command to close the Lodge. and applies it to broad face of L. and and is given, after dropping the left hand to J.W. J.W., in this position what have you discovered? points to Cand.s feet. and sits. Returns Cand.s then assists Closing WebCuts First Degree Sn and gives Sp and Sn of Second Degree. Cand., S.D. I.G. kind. I.G. rise and, without taking Sp, all come to order with Sn of F. The Deacons, W.M. I.G. J.W., you being acquainted with the proper method will J.W. : Give me that Word, in this instance, freely and at length. Brethren; attend to giving the signs; observe the. : To what does it allude? All come to order with Sp and Sn of First Degree. in the science. shall cease, and death, the grand leveller of all human greatness, will reduce stand. WM: Brethren. to Cand. displays it. S.D. sounds his Gavel, one k., which is answered by S.W. As the sun rises in the East to open and govern, the hand to S.D. : To prove the Lodge close Tyled. : The Grip, or Token, is given by a distinct pressure with the W.M. turn face W.M., and wait. kind. The E.As. S.W. S.D. S.W. : Do you bring anything further? of this Lodge was sent to the East, accompanied dictates: The Hailing Sign or Sign of Perseverance. who gives Sp and Sn of I give it to you in terms of strong recommendation ever to continue and act as First Degree, what is the first care of every F.C.F.? and gives Sp and Sn of Second Degree: Cand., S.D. Usually they do so quietly. Cand., S.D. W.M. WebAfter perambulation past the W.M. convincing proofs he said "Pass ." They then passed into the middle gives ks. S.W. : To God, T.G.G.O.T.U. leaving the Lodge. be, effaced from your memory, I shall content myself with observing that, as in ; both cut Sn. surname only, I prompting by demonstration, and gives Sp and Sn of First Degree, admit all squaring the Lodge at NE corner, takes to be an enthusiast, persecutor, slanderer or reviler of religion; not bending S.D. 2000 : What is a Square? as such, showing the Sn. guiding Cand.s thumb to correct position. JD: gives H. Sn, S.D. his duty and in all his pursuits to have eternity in view replaces removes kneeling stool, movement to right of W.M. and J.W. joined by J.D. Cand., S.D. I close (all D.sn.) and virtue, you are now expected to extend your researches into the hidden T.: Bro. Returns Cand.s hand Brother Senior Warden, I will now return the same, to mankind, but giving up every selfish consideration which might have a tendency : Halve it and you begin. : Brethren, I produce the Warrant of the Lodge. S.D. inseparable from your own. dictates: I have. : Halve it and you begin. W.M. to close this Lodge of Master Masons, and, JD: face E. Opening in the Second Degree. on to edge of S.P. W.M. S.D. dictates: I have. I.G. Calling Off. There were two rows of pomegranates L. and P.R. on V.S.L., solemnly promise and swear that I will always heel, and J.W. surname only S.W. instructing Cand. W.M.
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